今天冷知识百科网小编 陈玉国 给各位分享SAE飞轮标准是什么标准的知识，其中也会对机油上的SAE表示什么意思？(机油sa是什么意思)相关问题进行解释，如果能碰巧解决你现在面临的问题，别忘了关注本站，现在我们开始吧！
机油上的SAE表示什么意思？
是美国汽车工程师学会的英文缩写，SAE等级代表油品的黏度等级。
机油是指专门用在内燃机中的润滑油，除润滑外，还有清洁、防锈、**等功能。
现今使用的机油其基础油是由烃类、聚-α-烯烃（PAO）及聚内烯烃（PIO）等成分所组成，均为只由碳及氢所组成的有机化合物。有些高级的机油中会包括20%以下的酯类。
现市面上机油品种很多，两种不同品牌的机油最好不要混合使用，因不同品牌的油品采用的添加剂可能不同，混用可能会造成油品变质。
如一定要混用，可先做两种油品的相容性试验，如相容则可以，但这样使用，新油的品质会下降很多。
润滑油市场鱼龙混杂，如何辨别润滑油的好坏呢？一般光凭外观很难区分发动机油的品质高低，因此购买机油时要注意应尽量选择知名品牌的润滑油，尽可能到知名品牌的专卖店去购买，根据API 表示的机油质量等级来辨别品质高低、油品的包装上生产厂家的地址、生产日期、批号是否完整、清晰。
发电机中提到的三相绕组是什么意思？
三相绕组就是发电机里有三组能产生电流的电磁感应线圈，把它们按一定的规律分布（安装）在发电机的园周上，每组绕组之间相互相差120度的电角度，又按一定的规律把三组线圈都联接成相互间有联系的完整的发电机绕组，这就是发电机三相绕组。用这种方式联接的绕组所发出的电流就是三相电，它们在相位上互差120度电角度，三相电能够产生电动机旋转所需的旋转磁场，所以几乎所有的发电厂用的都是这种发电机。
SAE的SAE标准
该协会的标准化工作，除汽车制造业外，还包括飞机、航空系统、航空器、农用拖拉机、运土机械、筑路机械以及其它制造工业用的内燃机等。SAE所制定的标准不仅在美国国内被广泛采用，而且成为国际上许多国家工业部门和**机构在编制标准时作为依据，为国际上许多机动车辆技术团体广泛采用，美国及其它许多国家在制定其汽车技术法规时，也在许多技术内容或环节上常常引用SAE标准，成为国际上最著名的标准体系。同时，在美国国家标准学会（ANSI）的支持和领导下，SAE协会代表美国汽车工业界积极参加国际标准化组织（ISO）道路车辆技术委员会（TC22）的工作。可以说，SAE 在汽车领域拥有世界上最庞大、最完善的标准体系，目前总数已达到1743项，其中与汽车直接相关的标准可以按如下类别进行分类：与汽车有关的可靠性、维修性、保障性标准道路车辆灯光标准燃油及润滑油标准轻型、中型及重型车辆车载诊断系统紧固件标准汽车织物和内饰标准道路车辆电磁兼容性标准活塞环标准内部气候控制标准车辆乘客约束系统和部件标准道路车辆制动系统标准道路车辆排放标准车轮标准道路车辆噪声测量标准燃油喷射系统及试验方法标准车辆**系统标准车辆液体及气体管路与接头电动车能量传输系统标准摩托车标准农用拖拉机及相关标准
自动驾驶的等级是怎么划分的
自动驾驶分级为L0~L5，根据不同程度，从零到完全自动化，共分为六个等级。自动驾驶分类系统的目的是对市场进行监督和管理，目前，自动驾驶仪的分类系统主要由两个机构组成。
SAE自动驾驶分级为L0~L5，根据不同程度，从零到完全自动化，共分为六个等级。
L0级自动驾驶：无自动油门、煞车、方向盘全程皆由驾驶者掌控，它是最普通的驾驶方式，包括定速巡航，只能设定固定的速度，车辆不会自动调整速度，如加速/减速或驾驶员的操作需要。
L1级自动驾驶：驾驶操控为主，系统适时辅助主要还是由驾驶者操控车辆，但在特定的时候系统会介入，如ESP 电子车身稳定系统或ABS防锁死煞车系统，主要用于提高行车安全性。以小的变化，丰田威驰国内新品上市为例，配备了TRC、HAC上坡起步辅助牵引主动安全设备在这个范围。
L2级自动驾驶：部份自动化，驾驶者仍需专心于路况第二级自动驾驶可说是目前各大车厂的主流，如果第一级自动驾驶仪是辅助油门和刹车的话，第二级是添加到方向盘，如特斯拉自动驾驶仪，沃尔沃飞行员协助，梅赛德斯-奔驰驱动试验等，车辆的速度和转向可以在一定的条件下控制。
L4级自动驾驶：高度自动化，还是具有方向盘等介面提供驾驶适时操控车辆在启动自动驾驶后，计算机将在目的地设置后按路线行驶，无需干预全面驾驶，但只需在高速公路或市区等特定区域进行干预，但它已经能够处理大部分的“动态驱动任务”。
L5级自动驾驶：全自动化，人类完全成为乘客第五级自动驾驶车辆将完全自动化，车上什至连方向盘等驾驶机构都不需要，完全透过电脑感知与运算来驾驶车辆，不论任何环境、路况，都不需要人类驾驶介入操控。
（图/文/摄： 问答叫兽） 问界M5 小鹏汽车P7 AION V 传祺GS8 小鹏P5 理想ONE @2019
求SAE标准
现提供SAE J1401标准全内容;
SAE J1401是关于用于道路汽车液压系统的液压制动软管的测试标准，SAE J1401同时也指出了区分各大生产厂商的标准方法。本版本标准为J1401-2003，后续数字指定的是最近标准修改被采用的年份。
SAE J1401标准英文原文
1.Scope
This SAE Standard specifies the performance tests and requirements for hydraulic brake hose assemblies used in the hydraulic braking system of a road vehicle. It also specifies the methods used for identification of the hose manufacturer.
This document applies to brake hose assemblies made of a hose fabricated from yarn and natural or synthetic elastomers and assembled with metal end fittings for use with nonpetroleum-base brake fluids as specified in SAE J1703 and SAE J1705.
The nominal internal diameter of the brake hose shall fall within one of the following values:
a. 3.5 mm or less (1/8 in or less)
b. 4 to 5 mm (3/16 in)
2.References
2.1 Applicable Publications—The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.
2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONS—Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
SAE J1703—Motor Vehicle Brake Fluid
SAE J1705—Low Water Tolerant Brake Fluids
2.1.2 ASTM PUBLICATION—Available from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
ASTM B 117—Method of Salt Spray (Fog) Testing
2.1.3 ISO PUBLICATION—Available from ANSI, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002.
ISO R147—Load calibration of testing machines for tensile testing of steel
2.2 Related Publications—The following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this document.
2.2.1 SAE PUBLICATIONS—Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
SAE J1288—Packaging, Storage, and Shelf Life of Hydraulic Brake Hose Assemblies
SAE J1406—Application of Hydraulic Brake Hose to Motor Vehicles
2.2.2 ISO PUBLICATION—Available from ANSI, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002.
ISO 3996—Hydraulic brake hose assemblies—Non-Petroleum hose hydraulic fluid standard
3. Definitions
3.1 Brake Hose Assembly—A brake hose equipped with end fittings for use in a brake system.
3.2 Brake Hose—A flexible conduit manufactured for use in a brake system to transmit and contain the fluid pressure medium used to apply force to the vehicle's brakes.
3.3 Brake Hose End Fitting—A coupling, other than a clamp, designed for attachment to the end of a brake hose.
3.4 Permanently Attached End Fitting—A coupling designed for permanent attachment to the ends of a brake hose by crimping or swaging.
3.5 Free Length—The linear measurement of brake hose exposed between the end fittings of a brake hose assembly while maintained in a straight position.
3.6 Leaks, Burst—The loss of test fluid from the brake hose assembly other than by the designed inlet(s) and outlet(s).
3.7 Cracking—The interruption of a surface due to environment and/or stress.
3.8 Hose Internal Diameter—A dimensional description of the nominal inside diameter that is printed on the hose cover. This dimension is to be used to calculate the gage size for the constriction test.
EXAMPLE—3 mm
4. Performance Tests
Performance tests for hydraulic brake hose assemblies include all of the tests listed in Table 1. These tests shall be conducted on each I.D. size and type1 from each hose manufacturer. A change in hose construction, that is, a change in material or a change in the manufacturing method, shall require a complete performance test. Accordingly, each coupler shall conduct the performance test on each coupling crimp design for each hose construction. A change of coupling crimp design shall require a complete performance test. Variations that do not influence the integrity of the hose coupling joint, such as variation in thread size, port dimensions, hex size, and the like, shall not be considered new design. The sample sizes listed in Table 1 represent minimums for validation of a production process. The manufacturer of the hydraulic brake hose assembly is responsible for conducting appropriate design verification exercises and for controlling the production processes such that any hose assembly provided for sale or use on a vehicle will be capable of meeting the performance requirements listed in Section 5 when subjected to the tests listed in Table 1, performed per the procedures and conditions described in 4.1 and 4.2.
4.1 Test Conditions
The assemblies for each performance test shall be new and unused and shall be at least 24 h old. The last 4 h prior to testing shall be at a temperature of 15 to 32 °C (60 to 90 °F). Prior to installation of the hose assembly on a whip or cold bend test, all external appendages such as mounting brackets, spring guards, and metal collars shall be removed or long tubes shortened, or both. The temperature of the testing room shall be between 15 and 32 °C (60 and 90 °F) for all tests except brake fluid compatibility, cold bend, hot impulse, ozone, dynamic ozone, salt spray, and water absorption. SAE Referee Brake Fluid, RM 66-05, should be used for all tests requiring brake fluid. Different test results may be obtained using different fluids.
4.2 Test Procedures
4.2.1 100% PRESSURE TEST—The hose assembly shall be subject to a pressure test, using inert gas, air, water, or brake fluid as a pressure medium. Brake fluid shall meet SAE J1703/J1705. The test pressure shall be 10.3 MPa (1500 psi) minimum, 14.5 MPa (2100 psi) maximum for inert gas and air and 20.7 MPa (3000 psi) minimum, 24.8 MPa (3600 psi) maximum for water and nonpetroleum-base hydraulic brake fluid. Special care should be taken when gas or air is used. Under the pressure specified, gas or air is explosive if a failure should occur in the hose or hose assembly. The pressure shall be held for not less than 10 nor more than 25 s.
4.2.2 CONSTRICTION TEST—For qualification and lab testing, the constriction of the hose assemblies shall be measured with a gage plug as shown in Figure 1. Hold the assembly vertically at the fitting and insert the “A” diameter portion of the constriction gage into the end of the fitting. Allow the gage to drop of its own weight for the full length of the probe. The time required for the gage to drop shall not exceed 5s. Repeat this step for the other end of the brake hose assembly<.
The design of some fittings makes it impossible to insert the gage plug externally. For these assemblies, insert a special elongated gage plug into the opposite fitting and pass the probe through the hose, into and through the crimped area of the fitting being tested. If the gage plug becomes misaligned at the entrance to the second fitting, it may be necessary to align the hose to allow the plug gage to pass through. The special gage plug shall meet all the requirements of Figure 1, with the exception of the 76 mm (3 in) length, which must be increased appropriately so that its tip will extend past the hose opening. Some brake hose assemblies have fittings on both ends, brackets, and/or center fittings that cannot be entered with a gage plug. Cut these assemblies 50 mm ± 3 mm (2 in ± 0.1 in) from the end of the fitting and then test with the plug gage. (Reference Table 1, footnote 2).
4.2.3 VOLUMETRIC EXPANSION TEST—The expansion test is designed to measure, by fluid displacement, the volumetric expansion of the free length of assembled hydraulic brake hose when subjected to specified internal pressures. Water or SAE Referee Brake Fluid RM 66-05 should be used as a pressure medium.
4.2.3.1 If the specimen used in this test has been subjected to a pressure above 20 MPa (2900 psi) using any medium prior to this test, allow it to recover for 15 min.
4.2.3.2 Carefully thread the hose assembly into the adapters designed to seal in the same manner as in actual use. Do not twist. Maintain the hose in a vertical, straight position, without tension, while under pressure.
4.2.3.3 Bleed all the air from the system by allowing approximately 0.25 L (0.5 pt) of brake fluid or water to flow through the hose assembly and into the buret. Removal of air bubbles may be facilitated by moving the hose back and forth. Close the valve to the buret and apply 20.0 MPa +0, ?0.14 MPa (2900 psi +0, ?20 psi) to the hose assembly. Within 10 s, inspect the hose assembly for leaks at the connections and then release the pressure completely in the hose. Adjust the brake fluid or water level in the buret to zero. With the valve to the buret closed, apply 6.9 MPa +0, ?0.14 MPa (1000 psi +0, ?20 psi) to hose assembly and seal this pressure in the hose within 5 s ± 3 s. Within 3 s, open the valve to the buret for 10 s +3, ?0 s and allow the brake fluid or water level in the expanded hose to rise in the buret. The brake fluid or water level in the buret should be constant within that time period.
4.2.3.4 Repeat the preceding step two times, so the amount of brake fluid or water in the buret will be the total of the three expansions. Measure this buret reading to the nearest 0.05 cm3.
4.2.3.5 The volumetric expansion is calculated by dividing the buret reading by three and subtracting the calibration factor. This figure divided by the free length in meters (feet) will give the volumetric expansion per meter (feet) of hose.
4.2.3.6 Readjust the brake fluid or water level in the buret to zero as previously stated and repeat the procedure to obtain the expansion at pressures of 10.3 MPa +0, ?0.14 MPa (1500 psi +0, ?20 psi) and 20 MPa +0, –0.14 MPa (2900 psi +0, –20 psi.) If the pressure in the hose should inadvertently be raised to a value above that specified, but not above 24 MPa (3500 psi), completely release the pressure and allow the hose to recover for at least 15 min and then repeat the test. If the hose was subjected to a pressure above 24 MPa (3500 psi), repeat the test using a new brake hose. If at any time during the test an air bubble flows out of the hose, repeat the test after allowing at least 3 min for the hose to recover.
4.2.3.7 Test Apparatus—Test apparatus shall consist essentially of the following:
a. A source for required fluid pressures, test fluid consisting of brake fluid or water without any additives and free of air or gas bubbles.
b. A reservoir for pressure gages, fittings where the hose assembly may be mounted vertically for application of pressure under controlled conditions.
c. A graduated buret with 0.05 cm3 increments for measuring the volume of liquid corresponding to the expansion of the hose under pressure.
d. Plumbing hardware as required.
All piping and connections shall be smooth bore without recesses or offsets so all air may be freely removed from the system before running each test. Valves shall be capable of withstanding pressures involved without leakage. See Figure 2.
4.2.3.8 Calibration of Apparatus—The apparatus shall be tested prior to use to determine its calibration correction factors. These correction factors should be established at pressures of 6.9, 10.3, and 20 MPa (1000, 1500, and 2900 psi) using an assembly, which shall consist, for example, of 1.52 mm (0.060 in) minimum wall, hydraulic steel tubing with a free length of 305 mm ± 6 mm (12 in ± 0.2 in), and 6.3 mm (0.25 in) outside diameter. All fittings and adapters used in testing of the assembly shall be in this system. This may require the attachment of the tubing to the brake hose fittings in the case of special end configurations. The calibration correction factors shall be subtracted from the expansion readings obtained on the test specimens. The maximum permissible calibration correction factor shall be 0.08 cm3 at 10.3 MPa (1500 psi).
4.2.4 BURST STRENGTH TEST—Connect the specimen to the pressure system and fill completely with water or SAE Referee Brake Fluid RM 66-05, allowing all air to escape. Removal of air bubbles may be facilitated by moving the hose back and forth. Apply 27.6 MPa +0, ?1.4 MPa (4000 psi +0, ?200 psi) pressure at the rate specified in 4.2.4.1 and hold for 2 min +0, ?10 s. At the expiration of this hold period, increase the pressure at 172.5 MPa/min ± 69 MPa/min (25 000 psi/min ± 10 000 psi/min) until the hose bursts. Read the maximum pressure obtained on the calibrated gage to the nearest 1 MPa (100 psi) and record as the bursting strength of the hose assembly.
4.2.4.1 Test Apparatus—The apparatus shall consist of a suitable pressure system where hose is connected so that controlled and measured fluid pressure may be applied internally. The pressure shall be obtained by means of a hand- or power-driven pump or an accumulator system and it shall be measured with a calibrated gage. Provision shall be made for filling the hose with water or brake fluid and allowing all air to escape through a relief valve prior to application of pressure. This is important as a safety measure. The hold and burst pressures shall be applied at a rate increase of 172.5 MPa/min ± 69 MPa/min (25 000 psi/min ± 10 000 psi/min). Since this type of hose withstands a minimum bursting pressure of 49 MPa (7000 psi) for 3.2 mm (1/8 in) and 34.5 MPa (5000 psi) for 4.8 mm (3/16 in), care must be taken that all piping, valves, and fittings are sufficiently rugged and adapted to high-pressure work. The apparatus described for the expansion test may be used when it conforms to these requirements.
4.2.5 BRAKE FLUID COMPATIBILITY, CONSTRICTION, AND BURST STRENGTH TEST
4.2.5.1 Attach a hose assembly or a manifold to which multiple hose assemblies may be attached, below a 0.5 L (1 pt) can reservoir filled with 100 mL of SAE Referee Brake Fluid, SAE RM 66-05 (see Figure 3)
4.2.5.2 Fill the hose assembly with SAE Referee Brake Fluid RM 66-05, seal the lower end, and place the test assembly in a vertical position in an oven.
4.2.5.3 Condition the hose assembly at 120 °C +5, ?0 °C (248 °F +9, ?0 °F) for 70 to 72h.
4.2.5.4 After completion of the heat aging period, remove the hose assembly and cool at room temperature for 30 min ± 5 min.
4.2.5.5 Drain the brake hose assembly, and within 10 min, determine, per 4.2.2, that every applicable diameter of the hose assembly is not less than shown in Figure 1.
4.2.5.6 The brake hose assembly shall be burst within 3 h using the test specified in 4.2.4.
符合SAE J1401标准臭氧箱
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德国ANSEROS安索罗斯臭氧老化箱型号
（1）德国ANSEROS安索罗斯臭氧箱SIM 6300型号
（2）德国ANSEROS安索罗斯臭氧老化箱 SIM 7500型号
（3）德国ANSEROS安索罗斯臭氧老化箱 SIM 6050-T型号
（4）德国ANSEROS安索罗斯臭氧老化箱 SIM 6010-T型号
了解更多关于德国ANSEROS安索罗斯臭氧老化箱以及SAE J1401标准，欢迎致电【400-6808-138】咨询。
美国AISI/SAE/ASTM标准钢号1042相当于我国那种型号钢材
要找到答案必需弄清你提的问题，
AISI：是美国钢铁学会标准
SAE：标准是Society of Automotive Engineers：美国机动车工程师学会的缩写
ASTM ：美国材料与试验协会标准
AISI和ASTM是美国的两种行业标准，其推行机构不同，但是指向材料的含义是一样的，属于一种标准。
后面的1042 碳素结构钢当中的一种牌号
你所 提问的问题整个下来就是 美标碳素钢1042 对应GB什么牌号
其实这种材料 就是要求美国标准的。没有绝对的对应国家标准。只能说它对相国内的中高碳钢，如：45＃-50＃之间，或SM45-SM60 这种是接近的。
另劝，如果对方要求美标的这种材料，你不要拿国内的材料代替。
